var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open('GET', '/path/to/image.png', true);

// Hack to pass bytes through unprocessed.
xhr.overrideMimeType('text/plain; charset=x-user-defined');

xhr.onreadystatechange = function(e) {
  if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) {
    var binStr = this.responseText;
    for (var i = 0, len = binStr.length; i < len; ++i) {
      var c = binStr.charCodeAt(i);
      //String.fromCharCode(c & 0xff);
      var byte = c & 0xff;  // byte at offset i
    }
  }
};

xhr.send();


var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open('GET', '/path/to/image.png', true);
xhr.responseType = 'blob';

xhr.onload = function(e) {
  if (this.status == 200) {
    // Note: .response instead of .responseText
    var blob = new Blob([this.response], {type: 'image/png'});
    ...
  }
};

xhr.send();




function sendForm() {
  var formData = new FormData();
  formData.append('username', 'johndoe');
  formData.append('id', 123456);

  var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
  xhr.open('POST', '/server', true);
  xhr.onload = function(e) { ... };

  xhr.send(formData);
}

<form id="myform" name="myform" action="/server">
  <input type="text" name="username" value="johndoe">
  <input type="number" name="id" value="123456">
  <input type="submit" onclick="return sendForm(this.form);">
</form>

function sendForm(form) {
  var formData = new FormData(form);

  formData.append('secret_token', '1234567890'); // Append extra data before send.

  var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
  xhr.open('POST', form.action, true);
  xhr.onload = function(e) { ... };

  xhr.send(formData);

  return false; // Prevent page from submitting.
}


function uploadFiles(url, files) {
  var formData = new FormData();

  for (var i = 0, file; file = files[i]; ++i) {
    formData.append(file.name, file);
  }

  var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
  xhr.open('POST', url, true);
  xhr.onload = function(e) { ... };

  xhr.send(formData);  // multipart/form-data
}

document.querySelector('input[type="file"]').addEventListener('change', function(e) {
  uploadFiles('/server', this.files);
}, false);


<progress min="0" max="100" value="0">0% complete</progress>


function upload(blobOrFile) {
  var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
  xhr.open('POST', '/server', true);
  xhr.onload = function(e) { ... };

  // Listen to the upload progress.
  var progressBar = document.querySelector('progress');
  xhr.upload.onprogress = function(e) {
    if (e.lengthComputable) {
      progressBar.value = (e.loaded / e.total) * 100;
      progressBar.textContent = progressBar.value; // Fallback for unsupported browsers.
    }
  };

  xhr.send(blobOrFile);
}

upload(new Blob(['hello world'], {type: 'text/plain'}));